49th Annual Conference in Illinois Archaeology

Ethnic and Racial Identities in the Archaeological Record

Friday and Saturday, September 16 - 17, 2005

Conference Hotel:
Holiday Inn Hotel and Conference Center
1001 Killarney
Urbana, Illinois, 61801
217.328.7900

Hosted by:
Parkland College
Champaign, Illinois

Program Coordinators:
Lenville J. Stelle (Parkland College)
and
Christopher C. Fennell (UIUC)



How to Register Hotel Accommodations


Maps


The primary focus of the conference will be on African-American archaeology and, more broadly, issues relating to the delineation of ethnic and racial identities in the archaeological record. We would encourage presentations on such diverse social categories as the Chinese, Irish, Hispanic, Illini, or the Japanese to name but a few. Can the archaeological signature of such groups be resolved? What should a Phase I or II mitigation treat as diagnostic? How can our archaeology go beyond social class, geography, and history?




PUBLICATION

The WEB Site Committee will select five of the papers for an offer of e-publication under the title and year of the conference. Presuming presentations to be graphic intense, the Committee will require not only that the paper be submitted in Word, WordPerfect, or rich text format, but that the images be available as jpeg's. The Committee has many computer resources and will be happy to assist with any problems of formatting.

AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT

A digital (LCD) projector used for PowerPoint or *.html presentations, a microphone and a lectern will be provided in D-244. PowerPoint presentations must be brought on CD ROM disks, USB flash drives, or CD-RW disks. Presenters are discouraged from using a computer other than the one provided due to the delay in disconnecting/reconnecting the digital projector.

A 35mm carousel slide projector will not be provided unless specifically requested with the submission of the abstract.

BOOK VENDORS

Table space will be available for all agencies or organizations wishing to sell books and other literature. Please address any specific concerns to Stelle.





Agenda




Friday, 16 September 2005:


Morning Program - Room D-244 - Parkland College

10:00 to 10:30 AM - Registration: Registration fee will be $25 in advance and $30 at the door.

10:30 to 12:00 AM - A forum continuing the discussions initiated during our first two workshops on "Guidelines for Illinois Archaeology." As the Survey is attempting to be pro-active in the current reformulation of the research requirements posed by IHPA and IDNR, and consequently most public sector work within the State, all members are encouraged to participate. The product of these workshops will inform the conduct of archaeological mitigation for years to come. The workshop is an excellent opportunity to have a direct impact. Rochelle Lurie, Moderator and Chair of the Guidelines Committee. Harold Hanssen (Illinois Department of Natural Rescources), Joe Phillipe (Illinois Historic Preservation Agency), and Mike Wiant (Illinois State Museum) will join in the discussions. Room D-244 - Parkland College


Break 12:00 to 1:00 PM


Afternoon Program - Room D-244 - Parkland College

1:00 to 3:00 PM - A forum addressing issues of Native American cultures, their rights, and the practice of archaeology in Illinois: "Illinois Archaeology, Illinois Ethnohistory, Cultural Preservation, and Ownership." Lenville J. Stelle, Moderator. Room D-244 - Parkland College. The event is co-sponsored by Parkland's Office of Student Life (Tom Caulfield, Director). A note to educators: A video tape of this historic discussion will be produced. If you would like to have a copy for use in your classes, please see Stelle.

Forum members include:

  • Cindy Bloom - Cherokee, has worked as a liason betwen tribes and archaeologists/Illinois State Museum with NAGPRA issues through the Midwest Soarring Foundation.
  • Dr. Brenda Farnell - Associate Professor of Anthropology, central to the creation of the Native American House as well as the program for American Indian Studies at the University of Illinois.
  • Roger Fontana - Cherokee, member of the American Indian Movement and Parkland College anthropology student.
  • Dr. Robert L. Hall - Professor Emeritus, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Chicago.
  • Dr. Rochelle Lurie - Senior Staff Archaeologist, Midwest Archaeological Research Services, Inc., and President of the Illinois Archaeological Survey.
  • Mary McCorvie - Forest Archaeologist, Shawnee National Forest, Harrisburg, Illinois.
  • Lenville J. Stelle - Professor of Anthropology, Parkland College, Champaign, Illinois.
  • Dr. Michael D. Wiant - Curator of Anthropology and Director of Dickson Mounds Museum, Illinois State Museum.

4:00 to 5:00 PM - IAS Board Meeting - Killarney Room - Holiday Inn Hotel and Conference Center

Evening Program - Holiday Inn Hotel and Conference Center

6:00 to 6:30 PM - Registration: Registration fee will be $25 in advance and $30 at the door.

6:30 to 7:30 PM - Annual business meeting of the IAS - Killarney Room - Holiday Inn Hotel and Conference Center - IAS members only.

7:30 to 11:00 PM - Light buffet and cash bar- Atrium Fountain Area - Holiday Inn Hotel and Conference Center - All Conference registrants welcome.




Saturday, 17 September 2005: Parkland College, Room D - 244

Morning Program -

8:00 to 8:50 AM - Registration (coffee, juice, doughnuts)

8:50 to 9:00 AM - Welcome and Announcements - Lenville J. Stelle

9:00 to 9:20 AM - Miller Grove—A Free African American Settlement in Southern Illinois. Mary McCorvie (Shawnee National Forest)

They were ordinary people, but these were far from ordinary times. Miller Grove, a freed slave community in Pope County, IL was initially occupied during the 1840s, the end of the trans-Appalachian Frontier period of American geographical, economic and social growth. Miller Grove is situated in the Shawnee National Forest in southern Illinois. It was initially settled in 1844 by a small group of free black immigrants from Bedford and Marshal Counties in south central Tennessee. In some instances, their former owners came with them and settled among them; others traveled to southern Illinois on their own. This paper will focus on how and why Miller Grove was settled and, what these free men and women of color did when they got here.

9:20 to 9:40 AM - Searching for Cantonment Wilkinson (11Pu-282): An 1801-1802 U.S. Army Camp in Pulaski County, Illinois. Mark Wagner (SIU-C)

This paper presents an overview of ongoing archaeological investigations at the Cantonment Wilkinson (11Pu-282) site, a ca. 1,300 man strong U.S. Army camp established on the banks of the Ohio River in 1801. One of the largest bases of its time, the cantonment (or camp) was intended to serve as the rendezvous point for a planned invasion of the then-Spanish held lower Mississippi Valley that never materialized. Gradiometric and archaeological investigations conducted by the CAI in 2003-2004 succeeded in locating seven subsurface features including cellars, trash pits, and hearths in a field (11Pu-282) containing part of the former cantonment. These features produced a wealth of material including architectural debris, faunal remains, uniform parts, and domestic items that can provide information on the social conditions and daily lives of the officers, enlisted men, and civilians of the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century frontier army.

9:40 to 10:00 AM - 2005 IAS Awards Presentations - Claire Tolmie (MARS) - Chair, Awards Committee.

Break 10:00 to 10:20

10:20 to 10:40 AM -Cisterns: "Dead Water" Hardly Fit to Wash the Backsettler's Face. M. Catherine Bird and Jack Van Orden. (Midwest Archaeological Research Services, Inc.)

David Hackett Fischer documents an avoidance of the "dead water" in cisterns by borderland (Scotland/England) migrants to the Appalachian Backcountry. Backsettlers built near fresh water sources, creeks and springs, while the road-bound settlers of New England gathered rainwater for cooking and washing. Research by archaeologist Paula Porubcan posits a positive link between New England settlers and the presence of cisterns on northeastern Illinois farmsteads; farmsteads of Backcountry migrants to northeastern Illinois did not include cisterns. Ethnic, temporal, and spatial data gathered by the authors of this paper support and enhance the conclusions drawn by Porubcan and Fischer.

10:40 to 11:00 AM - Geophysical Investigations at New Philadelphia, Pike County, Illinois. Michael Hargrave (CERL), Christopher Fennell (UIUC), Terrance Martin (ISM), and Paul Shackel (University of Maryland)

Founded in 1836 by an entrepreneurial freed slave, New Philadelphia was occupied by blacks and whites into the 20th century. Electrical resistance and magnetic gradient surveys were conducted in support of the 2004-2005 NSF-funded New Philadelphia field schools. Goals were to identify productive locations for hand excavation, introduce students to geophysics, and produce a map of subsurface deposits to help visualize and interpret the site. More than 50 anomalies were recommended for investigation. Features associated with five of the eight anomalies investigated thus far include two large sub-floor pits, two substantial cellars, and the remains of a burned structure.

11:00 to 11:20 AM - Kickapoo of the Prairie: Still Elusive After All These Years. Alice Berkson (Public Service Archaeology Program, UIUC)

Two Illinois locations occupied by the Prairie Kickapoo in the late eighteenth to early nineteenth century, the Grand Village of the Kickapoo in McLean County (11ML5 and 11ML21) and the Rhoads site in Logan County (11LO8), were excavated in the 1970s and 1980s. A review of published information on excavations at the sites, and the scant ethnohistorical accounts of the Prairie Kickapoo, reinforce the view that traditional subsistence methods persisted, as they did for other Native Americans. If we can move beyond the frustrations of ethnohistorical information, it can continue to provide insight and inspiration for interpretations of archaeological data.

11:20 to 11:40 AM - Archaeozoology at New Philadelphia, Pike County, Illinois. Terrance J. Martin (Illinois State Museum) and Andrea Torvinen (Albion College, Michigan)

Approximately 1,000 animal remains were found in and around Feature 1, a cellar space in Block 9, Lot 5 at the New Philadelphia site. The residence was inhabited by the African-American family of Kessiah Clark from the mid-1850s until the late 1860s, and is one of several features being investigated during a three-year project supported by the National Science Foundation's Research Experiences for Undergraduates program. Our analysis of this faunal assemblage sets the stage for future work at the site directed at discerning how regional, ethnic, and social background influenced individual family diets in this small, but dynamic multi-racial community.

Luncheon and Keynote 11:40 AM to 1:20 PM

Box Lunches will be provided. New IAS Fellow Dr. Anna Agbe-Davies will offer the keynote address.

Dr. Anna Agbe-Davies is an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at DePaul University. Over the past decade she has engaged in archaeological excavations on Historic period sites in the Chesapeake and Caribbean regions. Her work has focused principally on sites of African-American heritage. Her address is entitled "Whither an African-Illinoisan Archaeology?"

Afternoon Program -

1:20 to 1:40 PM - Archaeology at New Philadelphia: Multivalent Histories and Heritage of a Diverse Frontier Town. Christopher C. Fennell (UIUC)

Several universities, a state museum, and local and descendant communities are collaborating in exploring the histories of a town established in 1836 on the American frontier. New Philadelphia, Illinois was legally founded by a free African American, and it grew over several decades of existence into an integrated town with residents of African American, European American, Canadian, Irish, and English heritage, among others. This project addresses the challenges and rewards of analyzing past multiethnic and interracial social relationships through interdisciplinary methods, and of serving the interests of diverse groups presently focused on enhancing the national memory and heritage of this town.

1:40 to 2:00 PM - Ethnic Identities and Consumption Patterns: A Minimum Vessel Count Analysis at New Philadelphia, Illinois. Christoper F. Valvano (Michigan State University), Kimberly S. Eppler (Northwestern State University, Louisiana), and Caitlin Bauchat (Mount Holyoke College, Massachusetts)

During the summers of 2004 and 2005, archaeological excavations at the former multiracial town site of New Philadelphia (11PK455), Illinois revealed several undisturbed features relating to the mid-nineteenth century occupation of the town. Laboratory analysis conducted in the 2005 research season provided students the opportunity to perform minimum vessel counts for ceramic and glass assemblages within two bisected features (f1 and f4) located on property lots owned at various times by both European and African Americans. The following paper presents the current stage of research into the visibility of ethnic identity in ceramic and glass vessel assemblages at New Philadelphia, as well as giving voice to undergraduate students who have actively engaged questions of racial dynamics via analysis of recovered historic materials.

2:00 to 2:20 PM - Investigations in Chicago’s Chinatown. Scott J. Demel (The Field Museum)

In the fall of 2004 the Chinatown Museum Foundation offered the lot adjacent to the new museum as an archaeological teaching ground for local grade school students and community members. The lot, which was slated to become a new parking lot, was still at the original 19th century street level, over three feet below the modern 23rd Street. A shovel probe survey of a portion of this lot yielded abundant deposits and artifacts ranging as far back as the late 19th century, well before the establishment of this neighborhood in 1911 as the new Chicago Chinatown. Ash lenses were present, and preservation of faunal remains was excellent. Days before the threat of construction of a parking lot in late December, a single unit was excavated revealing ash pit features. Included in the fill were butchered bone, fish scales, ceramics, beads, and other household goods. The temporary postponement of the parking lot will allow archaeologists and the Chinese community to continue to investigate the early occupation of this neighborhood. This excavation represents a hands-on connection between the ancestors of this community and the young Chinese students helping in this project, forming a stronger bond between Chinatown’s past and present.

2:30 to 4:00 PM - University of Illinois Show and Tell - Davenport Hall (maps will be available)

Two labs and associated collections will be available for the open house segment of our program. Both are located in Davenport Hall at the University of Illinois. The first will be hosted by Fellow Tim R. Pauketat, (Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois) and the second will be hosted by Fellow Christopher C. Fennell (Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois).

Tim's lab is in room 196 Davenport, which is located at the southern end of the southeast wing of the building. If you enter the building through the rear double doors (off of Mathews Ave.), you turn left into the second steel automatic door and proceed to the end. There's also an entrance next to the lab. Look for signs as you enter the building.

The "North American Laboratory" of the Department of Anthropology is the location of an ongoing analysis of Cahokia's Tract 15B collection, on loan from the ISM. Originally excavated with highway funds by Warren Wittry in 1960, the present analysis is a collaborative ITARP-Department endeavor. Currently, a ceramic analysis is nearing completion, and the results are being articulated with a digital Arcmap GIS of Cahokia. Tim will have select objects available for inspection and discussion.

Chris Fennell and Terry Martin will make materials from the New Philadelphia project, including artifact displays and audiovisual presentations, available in Chris' "Historical Archaeology" laboratory in Room 296 Davenport (right up the stairs from Tim's lab).

4:00 PM - Thanks for coming and have a safe trip home.



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