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MLA Format
MLA Style Guides
Because we are not using a book these semester, we'll be relying
on on-line guides for MLA format. Two fairly places you might look
are:
Capital Community College MLA Style Guide (this is a very
comprehensive guide)
Purdue Online Writing Lab (more information on parenthetical
citation)
Parkland College Library MLA Guide (.pdf file)
If you have a Little, Brown Handbook from
ENG101, you can also use the source citation information there.
For my part, I will provide some basic information
here.
Quotations
These are some basic guidelines for integrating quotations into
your writing.
Guideline the First: A Quotation Should Never
Stand Alone
Any time you are quoting someone else's words, those words need
to be "anchored" (preferably introduced) by your own.
Incorrect:
"Here was a comic that broke with all tradition" (Jacobs and Jones
157).
Correct:
According to Jacobs and Jones, Green Lantern/Green Arrow "was
a comic that broke with all tradition" (157).
The Green Lantern/Green Arrow series "broke with all
tradition" by including themes of social relevance (Jacobs and Jones
157).
This is the single most common citation error in beginning
research papers. Just remember that a quotation must always,
always, always be set up with your own words.
Format notes:
- Notice that when the names of the authors are used in the
sentence (first correct example), they are not put in the
parentheses. However, when the names are not in the
sentence (second correct example).
- Notice that in either case, the parentheses contain no
commas or "pg"/"p".
- See
here for a more detailed explanation.
Guideline the Second: Tell us Why We Should Care
Okay, that's a little flip. However, remember that just tacking
someone's name at the end of a quotation (or worse, at the end of a
paraphrase) doesn't really do much to bolster your argument if your
readers don't know who this person is and why they should listen to
them. Just because something's published doesn't mean it's credible
or persuasive. Therefore, it's a good idea when you first cite a
source to let the reader know a little bit about it.
Sometimes, just title is enough. For example:
In their book Comic Book Heroes: From the Silver Age to the
Present, Gerald Jones and Will Jacobs* say that Green
Lantern/Green Arrow "was a comic that broke with all
tradition" (157).
This tells you what the book the quotation comes
from is about, and why therefore it might have some merit.
In other instances, you may wish to mention the
writer's credentials, or other relevant information (what the study
the information was taken from was on, for example).
*Note that the first time their names are referenced
in the text (and it's always a good idea the first time to reference
them in the text), full names are used.
Guideline the Third: Use as Few of Other People's
Words as Possible.
When quoting from a source, try to pull out only the most
essential part of the quotation and paraphrase the rest (as always,
giving credit for the ideas). There are very few circumstances
under which more than a clause or two is needed.
Of the three above, the last does the best job of this, as the
phrase "broke with all tradition" is the key part of the original
sentence, while paraphrasing provides the other necessary
information.
Guideline the Fourth: Be Consistent.
Much as we pretend otherwise, citation format can be as slippery
and contested as grammar. Even the most up-to-date guides don't
provide for every circumstance, and you may find yourself having to
adapt and even invent. The key is always consistency. If you do
something in one way once, do it that way all the time.
Inconsistency is the red flag that will cause a teacher to take
notice of your format.
Works Cited Page
First, note the name. The list of sources at the end of a paper
is not a list of sources you have read or consulted. It is a list
of sources specifically referenced in the text of your paper.
If you have not quoted or paraphrased the source, it does not belong
on the Works Cited Page.
Second, remember that like everything
else in the paper, the Works Cited should be double spaced.
Third, remember that the point of a
Works Cited page is for a reader to be able to find the source for
her/himself. This is why so much information is required.
Rather than reinvent the wheel, I'm
going to point you to the web sites above for detailed information
on Works Cited format. |